breki.github.io

personal knowledgebase

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Project maintained by breki Hosted on GitHub Pages — Theme by mattgraham

Linux

Ubuntu

Links

• Ubuntu Official Flavours
• Ubuntu Alternative Downloads
• What kinds of desktop environments and shells are available?
• Ubuntu GNOME
• Difference between the i386 download and the amd64? - basically says AMD64 images are meant both for Intel and AMD
• Is the 64-Bit version of Ubuntu only compatible with AMD CPUs?
• XUbuntu 16.04.2 64-bit image torrent link
• Create a bootable USB stick on Windows

VMWare

Installing VMWare Tools

• Installing VMware Tools in a Linux virtual machine using a Compiler

Command line sequence to install the tools. Note that the version of tools changes, so you need to update that one:

sudo-s
mkdir /mnt/cdrom
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
cp /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-10.1.6-5214329.tar.gz /tmp/
cd /tmp
tar -zxvf VMwareTools-10.1.6-5214329.tar.gz 
cd vmware-tools-distrib/
./vmware-install.pl -d
umount /mnt/cdrom
cd
rm /tmp/VMwareTools-10.1.6-5214329.tar.gz 
rm -rf /tmp/vmware-tools-distrib/

Remote Access From Windows

• X2Go - doesn’t seem to work for my Ubuntu Unity 16.04.2 - the session screen is black
• Can I access Ubuntu from Windows remotely? - basically says you need to switch to xfce4, since Unity is not supported (I tried it on a Ubuntu 16.04.2 Unity VM and it doesn’t really work, so it must be true)
• How to Remote Access to Ubuntu 16.04 from Windows - explains how to do it via VNC protocol
• How to use xRDP for remote access to Ubuntu 14.04

Remote Desktop Protocol

For Virtual Machines

Make sure the network settings for the VM are set to Bridged (not NAT).

SSH

On the Linux server:

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

On the Windows client, install Putty. You can also add a new task in ConEmu: "C:\Program Files\PuTTY\putty.exe" -cur_console -ssh 192.168.159.130 (replace it with your server’s IP).

Command Line Cheatsheet

• apt-get update- updates the package lists
• cd - moves to the home directory
• cp -a source destination - copies source to the destination, recursively and by keeping attributes
• cp -arv source destination - copies source to the destination, recursively and by keeping attributes, and it also shows what is being done
• df - shows disk usage
• find -name somefile - finds all ocurrences of somefile in the directory and subdirectories
• free - shows memory usage
  • ```free -hw -c 10 -s 5` - shows memory usage in human-readable form, every 5 seconds for 10 times
• hostname -I - find the IP of the computer
• kill -9 12345 - kill process whose ID is 12345
• lsb_release -a - find the distro and version of your Ubuntu machine
• ls -l - list files using a long listing format
• netstat -an | grep "LISTEN" | grep ":3389" - find if any application is listening on port 3389
• pidof process_name - finds the process ID of a process
• pm-suspend - put computer to sleep
• pwd - displays the current directory (“print working directory”)
• sudo reboot - reboots the machine
• rm -r <dir> - removes a directory and its contents
• shutdown now - powers off the computer (now)
• shutdown -r now - restarts the computer (now)
• xfce4-session-logout - logs out of session (XFCE4)

Keyboard Shortcuts

Terminal

• Ctrl+U - clears the current line ine the terminal

Misc

System Restart

When System Restart Required is show, you can view the list of packages that require a restart with:

more /var/run/reboot-required.pkgs

To restart, do:

sudo reboot